1.受动词的限制
①表示状态的及物动词,只能用于主动语态。
某些表示状态的及物动词,如have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (适合), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作谓语时,不能变为被动句。
She resembles her mother. 她像她妈妈。
He lacks self-confidence. 他缺乏自信。
This hall can hold 2,000 people. 这个大厅能容纳两千人。
②当及物动词have表示"吃饭"、"患病"、"明白"、"知道"等意思时,没有被动语态形式。
Would you have a cup of tea 你要喝杯茶吗?
She had a bad cold yesterday, and now she is feeling much better. 昨天她得了重感冒,现在好多了。
③当动词get,take表示"懂得"、"知道",owe表示"欠",cost表示"使失去(生命、健康等)"的意思时,动词没有相应的被动语态。
Do you get me 你明白我的意思吗?
How do you take this passage 这段话你怎么理解?
I owe 50 pounds to you. 我欠你五十英镑。
His careless driving cost his life. 他粗心的驾驶使他丧了命。